QRZ! Ham Radio 5/QRZ Ham Radio Callsign Database - Volume 5.iso/digests/infoham/941112.txt

Internet Message Format | 1994-11-13 | 27.6 KB

Date: Tue, 11 Oct 94 04:09:09 PDT
From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <[e-mail]>
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Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #1112
To: Info-Hams


Info-Hams Digest            Tue, 11 Oct 94       Volume 94 : Issue 1112

Today's Topics:
                         6 meter AM Activity
                      advice on 40 Mtr vertical
                  ARRL And Gay Hams Settle Complaint
          Callsign/address databases-privacy issue (4 msgs)
                               CB Jerk
               Code Practice on San Francisco Peninsula
                            FM on HF bands
                      Internet-to-AR Gateway ??
              IPS Daily Report - 10 October 94 (2 msgs)
                        Radio Shack Violation
                   Radio Show Exchange Using Maven
                      TH-78A:  Digital Squelch?
             Wireless security systems and amateur radio

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Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available
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We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text
herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official
policies or positions of any party.  Your mileage may vary.  So there.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: 10 Oct 1994 17:19:11 -0400
From: [e-mail] (RBellville)
Subject: 6 meter AM Activity

Do the majority of AM'ers use vertical or horizontal polarized antennas.
I'd like to get an antenna up before winter and wonder if it should be a
ground plane or a horizontal dipole.

- Rob, N1NTE

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 10 Oct 94 21:34:25 -0500
From: Chip Dematteo <[e-mail]>
Subject: advice on 40 Mtr vertical

Hi...I'm hoping somebody out there has some experience they can pass
on to me about 40/80m  verticals. I'm thinking about the Gap Challenger
or maybe the Hustler 6-BTV ot the Butternut hf2V. Anybody have anything
to say about the relative merits of these antennas. I have a beam for
10-20 and an R7 which is lousy on 40m...Thanks...Chip KO4NU

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 11 Oct 1994 00:11:47 UTC
From: [e-mail]
Subject: ARRL And Gay Hams Settle Complaint


            AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE, INCORPORATED
                               AND
                    LAMBDA AMATEUR RADIO CLUB

                  JOINT DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT



October 10, 1994

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Contact: Jim Kelly, KK3K
         (215) 978 - LARC

     The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) and the Lambda
Amateur Radio Club (LARC) are pleased to announce a cooperative
resolution of LARC's discrimination complaint filed before the
State of Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities
(CCHRO) in March 1992.

     In September of 1985, LARC submitted a classified
advertisement for publication in the "Club/Hamfests" section of
QST which read:

     "Lambda Net" club for gay hams with members
     nationwide and Canada. On-air skeds and
     newsletter. For info write Jim, KK3K, POB
     24810 Phila. PA 19130

     The advertisement was published in the November, 1985
issue of QST, but was refused in subsequent issues thereafter.
LARC resubmitted the advertisement in 1987, 1989, and 1991;
QST refused it each time. LARC's complaint asserted that the
sexual orientation of LARC's members was the reason for the
refusal to publish the advertisement and that QST's refusal to
publish the advertisement constituted discrimination based on
sexual orientation. ARRL disputes the allegations in the
complaint.

     In October of 1991, a Connecticut law prohibiting
discrimination based on sexual orientation took effect.
Connecticut General Statutes S. 46a-81d states:  ". . . It shall
be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section:
(1) To deny any person within the jurisdiction of this state
full and equal accommodations in any place of public
accommodation . . . because of such person's sexual
orientation." ARRL disputes the application of Connecticut
General Statutes S. 46a-81d to its monthly journal, QST, and it
disputes the jurisdiction of the CCHRO over the rights of the
publisher under the First Amendment to the United States
Constitution.

     In March 1992, ARRL offered to publish LARC's
advertisement. However, LARC did not resubmit the
advertisement, because it wanted assurance that the
advertisement would not be removed from QST again.
LARC chose instead to pursue its discrimination complaint.

     In February 1994, the CCHRO found "reasonable cause for
believing that a discriminatory practice had been . . .
committed," and scheduled the case for a hearing. The hearing
has not been held, and no evidence has been introduced, nor has
any finding of fact or conclusion of law been made. Instead,
ARRL and LARC met and reached a mutually acceptable solution to
LARC's discrimination complaint. LARC and ARRL are pleased to
report that the matter is now settled.

     The ARRL and LARC are pleased to have resolved this
situation in a spirit of good will and mutual respect which
will allow each organization to cooperate as they concentrate
their efforts on the many challenges confronting ham radio
today.


                              *  *  *


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------------------------------

Date: 10 Oct 94 16:16:11 -0800
From: [e-mail]
Subject: Callsign/address databases-privacy issue

In article <37c6sf$[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Dennis Henderson) writes:
> I hear a lot of folks on the local repeaters telling folks they
> are going on vacation.  Acces to callsign/address information can
> lead to one's house getting broken into.  I strongly suspect this
> in a recent burglary.

This is just a plain dumb practice!  One should NEVER talk about their
vacation BEFORE then go on it to other people over the air.  Yes, this
practice has been used to determine whether someone will be home or not
and just where they live.

Talk about your vacation AFTER you get back...

Ken
--
     ____________________________________________________________________
     | Ken Harrison        |   Moosehead:  Great beer!                  |
     | N6MHG               |                                            |
     | [e-mail] |   ...and a new experience for the moose!   |
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 11 Oct 1994 00:52:29 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Greg Dolkas)
Subject: Callsign/address databases-privacy issue

Dennis Henderson ([e-mail]) wrote:

: Is there another route to privacy besides getting a PO box?

For one, don't talk about it on the air.  I know that sounds, well, simplistic,
but as a soceity we haven't become aware enough about today's communications
vulnerabilities.  This applies not just to Amateur Radio, but cordless phones
and cellular phones too.  Old assumptions, new technology, big risks.

Greg.

------------------------------

Date: 10 Oct 1994 21:30:48 -0400
From: [e-mail] (Glen Johnson)
Subject: Callsign/address databases-privacy issue

Dennis Henderson ([e-mail]) wrote:
: I'm concerned with having my name and address available publically
: via call books and the like.  I am very unconfortable having
: folks know I am not home (from overhearing my conversations) and
: being able to get my address from a public database.

: I notice on the 610 form that public access is granted to information
: on the form.  Is there a way to prevent the distribution?

No. You license is a matter of public record. Just like I can go to your
town hall and see how much you paid for your house and who holds your
mortgage.

I don't like having that information available either. That's why I have
a PO Box.




--
Glen Johnson - [e-mail]
Manager: GEnie Sports RoundTable
         Radio & Electronics RT            GEnie address: SPORTS
         Fantasy Sports Leagues RT                        RADIO.RT

------------------------------

Date: 11 Oct 1994 01:45:57 GMT
From: [e-mail] (charles he hemstreet)
Subject: Callsign/address databases-privacy issue

Ken makes a good point below.  Other security risks are cordless
phones and baby monitors.  Fortunately, newer cordless phones are
starting to scramble their signal.  49 mhz is VERY easy to listen to.
Unfortunately, the common sense thing is to consider yourself
broadcasting (meanies are listening) and reserve the comments about
vacation for the corded land-line.

Good luck,
Charles

   In article <37c6sf$[e-mail]>, [e-mail]
 (Dennis Henderson) writes:
   This is just a plain dumb practice!  One should NEVER talk about their
   vacation BEFORE then go on it to other people over the air.  Yes, this
   practice has been used to determine whether someone will be home or not
   and just where they live.

   Talk about your vacation AFTER you get back...

   Ken


--
!===========================================================================!
! Charles H. Hemstreet IV       !internet: [e-mail] !
! Colorado State University     !        Professional College Student       !
!===========================================================================!

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 10 Oct 1994 19:44:32 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Departmental account )
Subject: CB Jerk

Write a letter to the FCC.  Get all your neighbors to do the same.

If you can find out what frequences he is using, check to see if they are
in the CB channels.

--
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| William R. Estrada II   -  KD6VEG @ N0ARY                         |
|                Mt. Umunhum, Santa Clara County, CA                |
|                       Standard Disclaimer.                        |
---------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 11 Oct 1994 00:08:27 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Bob Moreno)
Subject: Code Practice on San Francisco Peninsula

In article [e-mail], [e-mail] () writes:
>I live on the San Francisco Peninsula (Menlo Park) and am trying to learn
>the code to upgrade to Tech+.  Can anyone provide me with any 2M or 440
>repeater frequencies, times, etc. where they do code practice?
>
>Thanks,
>
>David Barnes KD6DMS
>[e-mail]
>

There is a code practice session on Wednesday nights at 8:00 PM
on the repeater using 145.45 as the output.  There are several
5 minute sessions with the faster speeds first and the 5 wpm
session last.

I've heard that there might be code practice on another repeater also
on Wednesday nights.  The frequency is 145.23 and time is uncertain,
maybe at 7:30 PM.

73  Bob  KE6GTI

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 10 Oct 1994 21:30:52 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Nicholas A Ferro)
Subject: FM on HF bands

There seems to be a lot of confusion about using FM on HF.  A quick survey found that
all asked thought 10 meters was the only legal band for amateur HF FM in the United
States.
If you can transmit voice in a certain portion of a band, FM is also legal.  FCC
part 97.305 lists legal modes.
While I have never heard any FM on 160-12m, I would like to see some of those rigs
with the capability used on FM.  It may not be the most efficient mode but since
there is no amplitude variation, you wont have to worry about the neighbor with a
poorly designed TV seeing anything more than a constant carrier.

            -Nick KU2A    QRV 1.8-2401

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 11 Oct 1994 01:04:28 GMT
From: [e-mail] (N9ICQ)
Subject: Internet-to-AR Gateway ??

Does any amateur group convert Internet email msg files to (CW? RTTY? etc)
transmissions ? I'm an inactive ham with no rig and my OM is active on low
freq SSB with no Internet access.

Maybe such a conversion would amount to illegal rebroadcast , but that's the
kind of "modem" I seek.

Pete Stonitsch, N9ICQ

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 10 Oct 1994 23:30:58 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Regional Warning Centre)
Subject: IPS Daily Report - 10 October 94

SUBJ: IPS DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 10/2330Z OCTOBER 1994 BY IPS RADIO AND SPACE SERVICES
FROM THE REGIONAL WARNING CENTRE (RWC), SYDNEY.
SUMMARY FOR 10 OCTOBER AND FORECAST FOR 11 OCTOBER - 13 OCTOBER
-----------------------------------------------------------
1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity: very low

Flares: none.

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number :  87/30

GOES satellite data for 09 Oct
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   1.4E+06
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.2E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 2.0E+09 (very high)
       X-ray background: B1.0
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.

1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             11 Oct             12 Oct             13 Oct
Activity     Low                Very low           Very low
Fadeouts     None expected      None expected      None expected

Forecast 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 11 Oct:  86/29

-----------------------------------------------------------
2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY
Geomagnetic field at Learmonth: ???

Estimated Indices : A   K           Observed A Index 09 Oct
    Learmonth       13  2233 3432
    Fredericksburg  10                          11
    Planetary       12                          12

Observed Kp for 09 Oct: 3333 2232
2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST
DATE      Ap    CONDITIONS
11 Oct     5    Quiet to unsettled
12 Oct     5    Quiet to unsettled
13 Oct    16    Unsettled
COMMENT: Active periods possible during local night on 13th due to
small coronal hole.

-----------------------------------------------------------
3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
                LATITUDE BAND
DATE        LOW            MIDDLE         HIGH
10 Oct      normal         fair-normal    fair-normal
PCA Event : None.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
                LATITUDE BAND
DATE        LOW            MIDDLE         HIGH
11 Oct      normal         fair           fair
12 Oct      normal         normal         normal
13 Oct      normal         fair           fair-poor

-----------------------------------------------------------
4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY
       Observed
DATE   T-index  MUFs at Sydney
10 Oct    16    near normal until just after dawn this morning when
depressions of 10-25% were observed

Predicted Monthly T-index for October: 20

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
DATE   T-index  MUFs
11 Oct     5    Depressed 15 to 30%/near predicted monthly values
12 Oct    20    Near predicted monthly values
13 Oct    20    Near predicted monthly values
COMMENT: Ionosphere became depressed after dawn this morning.
(Depressions of 15% were observed at Townsville after 22UT.) The cause
of this depression is not clear. Current depression is expected
to continue for most of today, and appears to be less severe
at lower latitudes.


--
IPS Regional Warning Centre, Sydney       |IPS Radio and Space Services
RWC Duty Forecaster   tel: [phone]  |PO Box 5606
Recorded Message      tel: [phone]  |West Chatswood NSW 2057
email: [e-mail]  fax: [phone]  |AUSTRALIA

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 11 Oct 1994 00:58:13 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Regional Warning Centre)
Subject: IPS Daily Report - 10 October 94

SUBJ: IPS DAILY SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL REPORT
ISSUED AT 10/2330Z OCTOBER 1994 BY IPS RADIO AND SPACE SERVICES
FROM THE REGIONAL WARNING CENTRE (RWC), SYDNEY.
SUMMARY FOR 10 OCTOBER AND FORECAST FOR 11 OCTOBER - 13 OCTOBER
+++++ corrected copy +++++
-----------------------------------------------------------
1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
Activity: very low

Flares: none.

Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number :  87/30

GOES satellite data for 09 Oct
       Daily Proton Fluence >1 MeV:   1.4E+06
       Daily Proton Fluence >10 MeV:  1.2E+04
       Daily Electron Fluence >2 MeV: 2.0E+09 (very high)
       X-ray background: B1.0
Fluence (flux accumulation over 24hrs)/ cm2-ster-day.

1B. SOLAR FORECAST
             11 Oct             12 Oct             13 Oct
Activity     Low                Very low           Very low
Fadeouts     None expected      None expected      None expected

Forecast 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number for 11 Oct:  86/29

-----------------------------------------------------------
2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY
Geomagnetic field at Learmonth: mostly unsettled

Estimated Indices : A   K           Observed A Index 09 Oct
    Learmonth       13  2233 3432
    Fredericksburg  10                          11
    Planetary       12                          12

Observed Kp for 09 Oct: 3333 2232
2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST
DATE      Ap    CONDITIONS
11 Oct     5    Quiet to unsettled
12 Oct     5    Quiet to unsettled
13 Oct    16    Unsettled
COMMENT: Active periods possible during local night on 13th due to
small coronal hole.

-----------------------------------------------------------
3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
                LATITUDE BAND
DATE        LOW            MIDDLE         HIGH
10 Oct      normal         fair-normal    fair-normal
PCA Event : None.

3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
                LATITUDE BAND
DATE        LOW            MIDDLE         HIGH
11 Oct      normal         fair           fair
12 Oct      normal         normal         normal
13 Oct      normal         fair           fair-poor

-----------------------------------------------------------
4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY
       Observed
DATE   T-index  MUFs at Sydney
10 Oct    16    near normal until just after dawn this morning when
depressions of 10-25% were observed

Predicted Monthly T-index for October: 20

4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
DATE   T-index  MUFs
11 Oct     5    Depressed 15 to 30%/near predicted monthly values
12 Oct    20    Near predicted monthly values
13 Oct    20    Near predicted monthly values
COMMENT: Ionosphere became depressed after dawn this morning.
(Depressions of 15% were observed at Townsville after 22UT.) The cause
of this depression is not clear. Current depression is expected
to continue for most of today, and appears to be less severe
at lower latitudes.


--
IPS Regional Warning Centre, Sydney       |IPS Radio and Space Services
RWC Duty Forecaster   tel: [phone]  |PO Box 5606
Recorded Message      tel: [phone]  |West Chatswood NSW 2057
email: [e-mail]  fax: [phone]  |AUSTRALIA

------------------------------

Date: 11 Oct 1994 00:23:44 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Dan Brown)
Subject: Radio Shack Violation

David Mende ([e-mail]) wrote:
: In <36s9el$[e-mail]> [e-mail] (Dan Brown) writes:

: >[e-mail] wrote:
: >
: >: I'd be curious to know what the rules (Laws) are: Do you need a licence to
: >: purchase, or simply to operate?
: >
: >    Only to operate.  Why should you need a license to purchase?  The
: >
:     I'm glad someone brought this subject up.  There are ham stores out
: there that believe that they have the right to refuse to sell transceivers
: to non-hams.  I've always held the belief that the best way for someone to

    Well, they do have that right.  For that matter, they have the
right to refuse to sell transceivers to anyone but non-hams, or anyone
who's wearing (or not wearing) a purple hat, or most anything else they
want to judge on.  If, however, they believe that any of these criteria
are imposed by the FCC, they are mistaken--the only such restriction from
the FCC is the sale of linear amps which can cover 10 meters.

 --
 Dan Brown, KE6MKS
 [e-mail] -- finger for PGP 2.6.1 public key
 Don't Tread on Me

------------------------------

Date: 10 Oct 1994 17:52:11 -0700
From: [e-mail] (Leland Peterson)
Subject: Radio Show Exchange Using Maven

My college radio station is looking to exchange radio programs (1 hour)
over the internet with other colleges using Maven.  We have a Mac on an
ethernet network connected to our broadcasting board.  We have tried
sending an on-air broadcast to different Macintoshes around campus and it
seems to work pretty well.

Basically, all you need is a line-level signal from your broadcast booth
into a Macintosh on a network capable of accessing the internet.  The
Maven software is shareware.

It does take up quite a bit of band-width, so the broadcasts will have to
be late at night.  Right now I am interested in running a few short tests
to study sound quality.  Is anyone interested?

Please contact me via e-mail at [e-mail].

Thanks,
Leland Peterson,
Music Director,
KLC Radio

PS  Credit for this idea goes to a guy named Paul that works at the station.

------------------------------

Date: 10 Oct 94 16:58:07 -0500
From: [e-mail]
Subject: TH-78A:  Digital Squelch?

In article <376qrg$[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Marc Richard Wollemborg) writes:
> Is there a way to program the Kenwood TH-78A to use digital squelch either in
> rx or tx?  I'm trying to monitor my school's security frequency; but they
> use a digital squelch on their radios and while I can hear them ,I also hear

It depends which version of the phrase 'digital squelch' your school uses.
Dollars to doughnuts- they use a variation of Moto's DPL, or DCS, or GE calls
it DCG (all the same stuff).  This is like PL, in that a subaudible code is
sent constantly- but instead of one constant sine wave- DPL pulses out a code-
akin to very, very, very old pagers (not a conincidence).

For some reason, the amateurs, as well as the companies selling us radios,
market DTMF squelch systems as 'digital squelch'.  Well--- yea, sorta.  These
are audible- usually consist of 3-4 MaBell-esqu tones in sequence.  Less data
permutations than DCS, slower (probably .75 secs for a 4 digit code, using my
experience with ham HTs versus 0.179 ms [or so says Comm Spec] for true
digital), and audible to others monitoring.

I've seen DTMF units in the commercial radio mags, but not many... so probably
not used much.  If you want to use your TH78 in this application- you'll need
to spend $59 for a Comm-Spec board- and then figure a way to fit it in the
radio (really small surface mount-chip board, but might not fit in your radio).

Good luck.
======================================================
Chris Conklin
Amateur Radio: N0PAV
IN: [e-mail]

Graduate Student, Public Policy - University of Northern Iowa

Amateur Radio Voice: 444.65, N0PAV/R
=======================================================

------------------------------

Date: Tue, 11 Oct 1994 00:51:43 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Thomas Griffin - x7792)
Subject: Wireless security systems and amateur radio

Anyone have any experience with wireless security systems and amateur
radio?

Currently I am up on the VHF/UHF bands, but plan to get on HF as soon as I
get the code down and upgrade.  I've considered installing a wired security
system (using shielded pair), but due to the construction of our existing
house this costs more than I care to spend.  So, I am looking at wireless
systems.

If you have a wireless security system, I would be very interested in
knowing the following:

  Which brand of security system?

  Which amateur radio bands do you operate on, how much power, and type(s)
  of antennas?

  What problems, if any, do your radio operations cause with the security
  system?

  Were you able to fix these problems (how)?

  Anything else that would be good to know?

Also, does anyone have any experience with security systems such as
the "Plug 'n Power" from Radio Shack?  Does it work, is it junk, any
problems, etc?

I'll be happy to summarize the responses if there is sufficient demand.

Thanks much in advance.


73, Griff, N7ZKL
Internet: [e-mail]
Packet:   [e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 11 Oct 94 00:28:05 GMT
From: [e-mail] (rpmccoy on BIX)

References<376elr$[e-mail]> <[e-mail]>, <3795io$[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: Isoloop vs R5/7


George:

Thanks for the info.  I have thought about contacting him.  I also
bought the Isoloop.  I had good luck with it operating portable.

I think I'll check current status of book and capacitor.  I would
like to build one for 80/40.

73s,  Dick, N4UN
[e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 10 Oct 1994 22:10:25 GMT
From: [e-mail] (Ken A. Nishimura)

References<36rn41$[e-mail]> <374h38$[e-mail]>, <[e-mail]>
Subject: Re: "How far" does 1 milliwat (and 1 watt) go?

In article <[e-mail]>, jdow on BIX <[e-mail]> wrote:
>
>Figure sensitivity of 0.3uV (-117dBm), transmitter of 5 watts (+37dBm), and
>HT antennas (maybe -2dB or -3dB gains.) Path loss is 36.6dB + 20log(freq)
>+20log(dx) with freq in MHz and dx in miles. Let's figure 2 meters for grins.
>That is about 43dB for the frequency. So 43+37+20log(dx)+5 = 37-(-117) = 154dB.
>85+20log(dx) = 154 -> 20log(dx) = 69dB. Or dx = 2800 miles. Of course that
>assumes pure line of sight. And at 450MHz you drop to about 930 miles all other
>things being equal.
>
>Yeah - those little things can go a LONG ways when conditions are right.
>{^_-}
>
>{^_^}    Joanne Dow, Editor Amiga Exchange, BIX
>    [e-mail]

Well, let's do this for the generic case.  Assume 50 ohm signal source
and 290K temperature.  The 1 Hz noise power is -174 dBm due to Johnson
or thermal noise.  The above path loss formula is correct.  You can
figure out your own Tx and Rx antenna gains and Tx line losses.  The
recevier sensitivity is then:

-174 dBm + 10 log (BW) + C/I + F

where BW is bandwidth of the receiver (noise BW) in hertz,
C/I is the required Carrier to Interference ratio needed, and
F is the receiver noise figure (the TOTAL receiver, not just the LNA).

C/I can be around 0 dB for OOK (CW) signals, 1 to 2 dB for wideband FM,
3 to 4 dB for NBFM, and as high as 10-12 dB for AM.  Note that you get
audio SNR to C/I gain with FM and none with AM.

F is typically in the range of 5 to 10 dB.  A good communications receiver
has a F of about 6 dB, with most commercial stuff around 8 dB.  Your HT
and cellphone are probably around 7 to 8 dB.

So, if your received power (Tx power + Tx AG + Rx AG - Path Loss - TxLine
losses on both sides) is greater than your sensitivity, you get a QSO.
Consult a communications textbook for exact formulae required for C/I
for various systems.

                ==ken

------------------------------

End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #1112
******************************